The Stroke and Aphasia Quality Of Life Scale-39g (SAQOL) is a health related quality of life measure. It is an adapted version of the Stroke-Specific Quality of life scale (SS-QOL, Williams et al., 1999).
It is a self-report measure for people with stroke and aphasia, typically administered with the help of an interviewer.
The SAQOL-39g is applicable to people who have experienced a stroke, including people with aphasia. It can be used with people with any severity of expressive aphasia. For people with receptive aphasia, we have established that those with a score of ≥ 7/15 on the receptive domains of the FAST (Enderby et al., 1987) (moderate or mild receptive aphasia) are able to self-report reliably on the SAQOL-39 (Hilari et al., 2001; 2003).
It has been designed to be administered by researchers or clinicians who have experience of working with people who have had a stroke. It is intended to be interviewer administered with people with aphasia. This way people with receptive aphasia can benefit from a multi-modal presentation, i.e., they can both read and listen to the questions. People with expressive aphasia can just point to their responses.
Download the SAQOL standard interviewer format below.
In interviewer format, the person with stroke is presented with pages of the test book and the interviewer notes down their responses on the score sheet.
Full details are provided in the administration guide.
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You can purchase the SAQOL test online. To get started click the button below.
It is important that you have first read the Administration Guidelines before undertaking the Online Assesment for the first time.
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All relevant publications for this research group are available through both Research Gate and Open Access. Links to individual papers can be found below.
Hilari K and Byng S. Measuring quality of life in people with aphasia: the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale. Int J Lang Commun.Disord. 2001;36 Suppl:86-91. Download this paper: Research Gate, Open Access
Hilari K, Byng S, Lamping DL, & Smith SC. The stroke and aphasia quality of life scale-39 (SAQOL-39): evaluation of acceptability, reliability and validity. Stroke. 2003; 34(8): 1944-1950. Download this paper: Research Gate, Open Access
Hilari, K., Lamping, D. L., Smith, S. C., Northcott, S., Lamb, A. & Marshall, J. (2009). Psychometric properties of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale (SAQOL-39) in a generic stroke population. Clinical Rehabilitation, 23(6), pp. 544-557. doi: 10.1177/0269215508101729. Download this paper: Research Gate, Open Access
Caute, A., Northcott, S., Clarkson, L., Pring, T. and Hilari, K. (2012). Does mode of administration affect health-related quality-of-life outcomes after stroke? Int J Speech Lang Pathol . doi:10.3109/17549507.2012.663789. Download this paper: Research Gate, Open Access
Hilari, K., Owen, S. and Farrelly, S.J. (2007). Proxy and self-report agreement on the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 78(10), pp. 1072–1075. Download this paper: Research Gate, Open Access
“Hilari, K., Lamping, D. L., Smith, S. C., Northcott, S., Lamb, A. & Marshall, J. (2009). Psychometric properties of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale (SAQOL-39) in a generic stroke population. Clinical Rehabilitation, 23(6), pp. 544-557. doi: 10.1177/0269215508101729”
(Free download of this article available here)
“Hilari K, Byng S, Lamping DL, & Smith SC. The stroke and aphasia quality of life scale-39 (SAQOL-39): evaluation of acceptability, reliability and validity. Stroke. 2003; 34(8): 1944-1950.”
You can find here a list of articles on SAQOL-39 / SAQOL-39g translations and cultural adaptations. Listing is not an endorsement of any kind. The quality of the different adapted versions of the SAQOL-39 / SAQOL-39g varies widely. Clinicians and researchers should review their validity and reliability before using them in clinical or research settings. This list is updated regularly and is work in progress.
| Language | Contact | Reference |
| Chilean - Spanish | V. Diaz | Diaz, V., Gonzalez, R., Salgado, D., & Perez, D. (2013). Stroke and aphasia quality of life scale (saqol-39). Evaluation of acceptability, reliability and validity of Chilean version. Journal of the Neurological Sciences, 18(5), 333, e553-e554. (not open access) |
| Chinese | Weihong Qiu | Qiu, W., Guan, H., Chen, Z., Yu, Y., Wu, H., Yu, W. S., ... & Lee, K. Y. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Chinese-version Quality of Life Scale 39-generic version (SAQOL-39g) Topics in stroke rehabilitation(6), 26(2), 106-112. (not open access) |
| Chinese – Singapore | Yiting Emily Guo | Guo, Y. E., Togher, L., Power, E., & Koh, G. C. (2016). Validation of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale in a multicultural population. Disability and rehabilitation, 38(26), 2584-2592. (open access)
Guo, Y. E., Togher, L., Power, E., Heard, R., Luo, N., Yap, P., & Koh, G. C. (2017). Sensitivity to change and responsiveness of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality-of-Life Scale (SAQOL) in a Singapore stroke population. Aphasiology, 31(4), 427-446. (not open access) |
| Dutch – Belgian | Eric Manders | Manders, E., Dammekens, E., Leemans, I., & Michiels, K. (2010). Evaluation of quality of life in people with aphasia using a Dutch version of the SAQOL-39. Disability and rehabilitation, 32(3), 173-182. (not open access) |
| Dutch – Netherlands | Lizet van Ewijk | Van Ewijk, L., Versteegde, L., Raven-Takken, E., & Hilari, K. (2017). Measuring quality of life in Dutch people with aphasia: development and psychometric evaluation of the SAQOL-39NL. Aphasiology, 31(2), 189-200. (open access)
Van Ewijk, L., Ter Wal, N., Okx, G., Goossens, P., & Groeneveld, I. (2019). Psychometric properties of the Dutch SAQOL-39NL in a generic stroke population. Topics in stroke rehabilitation 31(2), 26(2), 101-105. (not open access) Raven-Takken, E., Ter Wal, N., & Van Ewijk, L. (2020). What minimum level of language comprehension is required for reliable administration of the SAQOL-39NLg? Aphasiology, 34(6), 674-687. (not open access) |
| Greek | Eva Efstratiadou | Efstratiadou, E. A., Chelas, E. N., Ignatiou, M., Christaki, V., Papathanasiou, I., & Hilari, K. (2012). Quality of life after stroke: evaluation of the Greek SAQOL-39g. Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica, 64(4), 179-186. (open access)
Kartsona, A., & Hilari, K. (2007). Quality of life in aphasia: Greek adaptation of the stroke and aphasia quality of life scale-39 item (SAQOL-39). Eura Medicophys, 43(1), 27-35. (open access) |
| Hindi | Gopee Krishnan | Mitra, I. H., & Krishnan, G. (2015). Adaptation and validation of stroke-aphasia quality of life (SAQOL-39) scale to Hindi. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 18(1), 29. (open access) |
| Icelandic | Sigfus Kristinsson | Kristinsson, S., & Halldorsdottir, T. H. (2020) Translation, adaptation and psychometric properties of the Icelandic stroke and aphasia quality of life scale-39g Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. (not open access) |
| Italian | Lucio Posteraro | Posteraro, L., Formis, A., Bidini, C., Grassi, E., Curti, M., Bighi, M., … & Franceschini, M. (2004). Aphasia quality of life: reliability of the Italian version of SAQOL-39. Europa medicophysica, 40(4), 257-262. (not open access)
Posteraro, L., Formis, A., Grassi, E., Bighi, M., Nati, P., Bocchini, C. P., ... & Franceschini, M. (2006).Quality of life and aphasia. Multicentric standardization of a questionnaire.. Europa medicophysica, 42(3), 227-230. (not open access) |
| Japanese | Akane Kamiya | Kamiya, A., Kamiya, K., Tatsumi, H., Suzuki, M., & Horiguchi, S. (2015). Japanese adaptation of the stroke and aphasia quality of life scale-39 (SAQOL-39): comparative study among different types of aphasia. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, 24(11), 2561-2564. (open access) |
| Kannada | S. Kiran | Kiran, S., & Krishnan, G. (2013)). Stroke and aphasia quality of life scale in kannada-evaluation of reliability, validity and internal consistency., Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 16(3), 361-364. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.116932 (open access) |
| Korean | S. Kiran | Gimsujeong, S., & Gimdeokyong, G. (2012). A measure of quality of life after stroke aphasia (SAQOL-39). Validity and Reliability of the Korean Version. Rehabilitation and Welfare, 16, 245-265. |
| Malayalam | Gopee Krishnan | Raju, R., & Krishnan, G. (2015) Adaptation and validation of stroke-aphasia quality of life (SAQOL-39) scale to Malayalam. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 18(4), 441. (open access) |
| Norwegian | Karianne Berg | Berg, K., & Haaland-Johansen, L. (2011). SALK-39–et mål på livskvalitet hos personer med afasi. Norsk tidsskrift for logopedi, 3(2011), 28-32. (open access)
Berg, K, Haaland-Johansen, L, Hilari, K. (2010) Slag og afasi - et mål for livskvalitet (SALK-39). Nordreisa: Statped Nord and Bredtvet kompetansesenter, 2010. (book) |
| Persian | Ahmad Reza Khatoonabadi | Azizbeigi-Boukani, J., Khatoonabadi, A. R., Maroufizadeh, S., & Abdi, S. (2020). Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 (SAQOL-39). Aphasiology, 1-15. (open access) |
| Portuguese | Inês Tello Milheiras Rodrigues | Rodrigues, I. T., & Leal, M. G. (2013). Portuguese translation and psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 (SAQOL-39). Audiology-Communication Research, 18(4), 339-344. (open access) |
| Sinhala (proxy version) | PN Kariyawasam | Kariyawasam, P. N., Pathirana, K. D., Hewage, D. C., & Dissanayake, R. D. A. (2020). Cultural Adaptation and Preliminary Validation of the Proxy-Rated Sinhala Version of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Generic Scale–39. AphasiologyJournal of Central Nervous System Disease, 12, 1179573520924953. (open access) |
| Spanish | M. C. Lata-Caneda | Lata-Caneda, M. C., Pineiro-Temprano, M., Garcia-Fraga, I., Garcia-Armesto, I., Barrueco-Egido, J. R., & Meijide-Failde, R. (2009). Spanish adaptation of the Stroke and Aphasia Quality of Life Scale-39 (SAQOL-39). European journal of physical and rehabilitation medicine, 45(3), 379-384. (not open access) |
| Turkish | AyŞin Noyan-ErbaŞ | AyŞin Noyan-ErbaŞ Calis, F. A., Celik, S., Demir, O., Aykanat, D., & On, A. Y. (2016). Bülent Toğram. (2016). Stroke and aphasia quality-of-life scale-39: Reliability and validity of the Turkish version. International journal of speech-language pathology, 18(5), 1-7. doi:10.3109/17549507.2015.1126641 (open access) |
| Turkish - alternative translation | Atamaz Calis | Calis, F. A., Celik, S., Demir, O., Aykanat, D., & On, A. Y. (2016).The psychometric properties of the Turkish stroke and aphasia quality of life scale-39. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research,, 18(5) 39(2), 140-144. (open access) |